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Para los profanos en el mundo Bitcoin como yo...¿Como se puede meter una linea de texto en una transacción?
Hay varias formas de hacerlo.
Una de ellas es introducir los 80 bytes de caracteres que te permitiría una transacción (unspendable) de este tipo:
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Otra forma sería la que se utiliza en Cryptograffiti, que consistiría en introducir un texto mediante cadenas de textos de 20 bytes directamente en las direcciones Bitcoin:
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Each Bitcoin transaction contains a number of output addresses. Normally we see these addresses in their Base58 format. However, in essence they are all just 20-byte binary strings. To save a file on the block chain, it should be divided into 20-byte chunks (adding zeroes to the end of the last chunk if needed). Then, to indicate the end-of-file, one must append the RIPEMD-160 hash of the original file to the list of file chunks. Optionally, one could append a textual comment to the block chain file (right after the hash). The comment should be in UTF-8 encoding and similarly to the file, the comment should be divided into 20-byte chunks. However, the comment does not have to end with its hash. We then concatenate the file chunks, file hash and comment chunks into one array. All of the chunks must then be converted to Base58 format. Finally, a normal Bitcoin transaction has to be made, sending the smallest possible amount of bitcoins to each of the Bitcoin addresses in that array.