Key finds in early Christian archaeology: from baptism at Hippos to the recovered epistles
A marble block with three hemispherical cavities found at Hippos, by the Sea of Galilee, has peine the debate on baptismal rituals in the Greek Decapolis of the sixth century. The University of Haifa presents it as a unique object, but the noise should be filtered out: the connection to Jesus is pure
clickbait. The piece dates from decades after Justinian, not from the first century.
Meanwhile, in Spain, the palaeochristian basilica of Cástulo (Jaén) preserves the Patena de Cástulo, possibly the oldest depiction of Christ on the Iberian Peninsula, dated to the early fourth century. And in Anatolia, five carbonised loaves of bread 1,300 years old turned up at the site of Irenopolis, one bearing an engraved image of Christ as a farmer.
But the find that has most shaken up the academic board is the recovery of 42 lost pages of St Paul's epistles in Codex H, a sixth-century Greek manuscript. Researchers have managed to read the ink stains left on adjacent pages and have rescued the so-called "Euthalian apparatus", an ancient system of study aids that complements the Acts of the Apostles.
Biblical and early Christian archaeology lurches forward between media sensationalism and the painstaking work of laboratories. While some see a global mystery in a stone with three holes, others prefer to wait for the dust to settle. The available information suggests that early Christianity was far more diverse and complex than the headlines tell us.
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