0:18 : First human hunter-gatherers and settlers.
0:28 : Very diverse groups. One of them was the Philistines (origin of the name 'Palestine') who immigrated from the Aegean (~Cyprus).
0:38 : Empire of the great river in the west (Nile)
0:48 : Empire of the great two rivers in the East (Mesopotamia/Iraq)
0:56 : The bible describes their conquest as genocidal (see Deuteronomy 2-23, Jushua 6-21)
1:06 : Destroy the 1st temple of the Hebrews and exile them.
1:08 Persia: Missed in this animation! King Cyrus allowed the Hebrews to return to Jerusalem/Zion.
1:10 /: Alexander ("the Great!") of Macedon.
1:18 /: After Alexander's death, his generals divide the empire between them.
1:24 : Descendants of Alexander’s general who rule Egypt (e.g. Cleopatra!)
1:28 : Descendants of Alexander's general who rule Syria.
1:32 : Serving in the 2nd temple the Hebrews.
1:36 : Judah “The Hammer”. The Jewish holiday Hanukah celebrates his (short-lived) victory.
1:48 e: Destroy the 2nd Temple of the Hebrews, exile them and change the name of the province from Judaea to 'Palestinian Syria' after the Philistine Canaanites.
1:56 : After Rome adopts Christianity it's center moves eastwards to Constantinople (today's Istanbul, Turkey). Romans probably didn't fight Byzantines, but it's an animation...
1:58 : Mohamed's successors build the famous golden dome and Al-Aqsa mosque on the Temple mount in Al-Quds (Jerusalem).
2:01 : killing in the name of Jesus and establishing the 'Kingdom of Jerusalem'.
2:04 : Former slaves who became a powerful ruling caste.
2:07 : Caliphs ruling from Istanbul (Turkish name for Constantinople)
2:10 : Rebel against the Ottomans with the help of the British and French.
2:12 : Promised the land to both the Arabs and the Zionist Jews as part of their 'divide and rule' strategy. Supporting Zionism was useful not only for sending Jews OUT of Europe but also into a clash with the Jovenlandeses. A double win for the Christians, who can then just sell arms to both sides while condescendingly condemn them for their barbarism.
2:19 : in 1917 they were 90% of the population and got angry when the British promised the land to the Jews who were only 10%. Over the next 30 years under British rule the Jews multiplied 10 times due to immigration while the Palestinians only doubled, mainly due to high fertility.
2:27 : Desperate and traumatized by racist nationalism, pogroms and death camps in Europe, Jewish Zionist settlers were excited to return to their ancient homeland.
2:39 //: Various militarized resistance movements, supported by other Muslim countries.
2:45 (): With tons of USA-given weapons, and the only nukes in the region.
2:51 / /: Hoping to also get their hands on nuclear weapons, maybe from Iran?
3:02 : The owner.