57 years for stealing photos, 10 for rape: the economics of justice in Spain
A recent case has reignited the debate over how Spain's justice system values different crimes. One man has been sentenced to 57 years in prison for stealing and distributing intimate photos of his clients, while another received only 10 years for repeatedly raping his friends' daughter over four years. The comparison, shocking at first glance, hides a incivil law logic that deserves an economic analysis.
Behind the 57-year sentence there is not a single crime but fourteen: fourteen counts of theft of private material and disclosure of secrets, each carrying a sentence of up to four years. Added to that is one count of possession of child prono and one of sensual abuse. The accumulation of sentences explains the final figure. In the other case, the rapist was convicted of a single continuous offense of sensual assault, with a typical range of 10 to 15 years.
The cost of crime: when data theft costs more than violence
From the economic perspective of deterrence, the question is whether these sentences adequately reflect social harm. The harm of a rape is immense, but the sentence is relatively low due to how the law defines the offense. By contrast, the theft of intimate photos, while also serious, is punished with sentences that can add up to decades thanks to the multiplicity of victims and acts. This creates a perverse incentive: an offender might risk less by raping one person than by accessing several people's phones.
Some analyses point out that the key lies in legal quantification: the law allows each act of intrusion to be punished separately, while rape is treated as a continuous offense. The result is that the system can penalize conduct that generates multiple formal abusa more heavily, even if its intrinsic harm is not the same.
Others note that the theft of intimate photos is usually accompanied by distribution, blackmail, or IT aggravating factors that drive up the sentences. In this specific case, the convicted man allegedly shared the material, which increases his liability. But the debate remains open: is incivil justice sending the right signal to the market for crime?
The full calculation of sentences, broken down crime by crime, shows a mathematical logic that often clashes with intuition. And the offender's nationality, which some seem to care about, does not change the numbers.
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