China pide paso... II

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Janus:9271013 dijo:
China es el motivo del desplome general de las materias primas y de los precios del carbón en USA.

La previsible retirada de estímulos monetarios en USA es el motivo de que el oro y la plata estén en pleno repliegue. Son el canario de la mina.

Sabiendo entender el momento Minsky de ahora, se puede ganar mucha plata en los mercados.

El dinero pulula de un activo a otro buscando el margen. Siempre hay donde ganar mucho dinero.
O perderlo ;)
 

dick jones

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SHIBOR: Papaito al rescate.

Funds withdrawal halted to ease rates
2013-06-14 15:20Shanghai DailyWeb Editor: qindexing
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China yesterday halted withdrawing money from financial institutions for the first time in three months to ease the overnight interbank borrowing rates.

The People's Bank of China did not offer repurchase contracts or bills yesterday, data from the interbank bond market showed. It is the first time since February that the central bank stopped draining liquidity through the repo contracts.

The daily fixing of overnight borrowing rate among banks was 6.6910 percent yesterday, down from an all-time high of 9.5810 percent on June 8, according to data from National Interbank Funding Center in Shanghai.

The interbank market was closed from Monday to Wednesday due to the Dragon Boat Festival holiday.

The PBOC is set to inject 92 billion yuan (US$15 billion) into the market from the maturing of previously-issued bills and repo contracts, smaller than the net 160 billion yuan injected last week.

Analysts said the PBOC's unwillingness to add liquidity reflected that monetary policy was still tight, and the liquidity squeeze may prevail this month.

An outflow of capital from China and strong demand for cash during the holiday have created the recent liquidity squeeze, Guotai Jun'an Securities said.
Funds withdrawal halted to ease rates - Headlines, antiestéticatures, photo and videos from ecns.cn|china|news|chinanews|ecns|cns

¿quien necesita el canal de Suez?

TEL AVIV: When Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu visited China last week, one of the items on his agenda was a railway line that could turn Israel into a land and sea bridge for Chinese exports to Europe.

The China-Israel initiative holds the potential to change the face of trade in the Middle East.

Dr Gedaliah Afterman, Fellow at Jewish People Policy Institute, said: "As far as expertise goes, the Chinese have been involved in many similar projects around the world."

The plan is to build a 180-kilometre railway from Israel's southern port in Eilat in the Red Sea to its Mediterranean ports in Ashdod and Haifa. From there, cargo can travel onwards to Europe.

Dr Afterman added: "As far as the Chinese interests in such a project, I think it's both economic, but also strategic. I miccionan having a connection between the port of Eilat in the Red Sea and the port of Ashdod in the Mediterranean gives them access to both directions where they can move both energy resources and other cargo."

The route will be far faster than boats reaching the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal. Now they will be able to by-pass the Suez Canal completely and dock in Eilat.

The railway is expected to increase trade from China, India and other Asian countries to Israel, while also reducing Tel Aviv's dependence on a waterway controlled by her increasingly hostile neighbour.

One of the big concerns for Israelis is the deterioration in relations between Tel Aviv and Cairo, but by by-passing the Egyptian-controlled Suez Canal, Israelis no longer have to antiestéticar that if Cairo ever blocked the canal their economy would come to a standstill.

Dr Shalom Wald, Senior Fellow of the Jewish People Policy Institute, said: "Egypt is a mess. How long will it take for the mess to spill over into the Suez Canal? If the Suez Canal ever closes, it will be a catastrophe to trade and a blow to China also. A lot of Chinese trade goes through the Suez Canal also."

The idea is not only for a cargo train, but also for one that transports people.

Ms Sivan Shahar lives in Eilat, but works in Tel Aviv. The lengthy commute sees her spending many hours on the road.

"It will be a great relief, it will be a great assistance for me because it will take about two and a half hours each way instead of four hours in a bus ot taking a flight which is always harder," she said.

The proposed railway line is along a route used in ancient times by caravans from Arabia and India to Europe.

But it's not without its problems

Dr Asaf Tsoer, ecologist at Southern District Nature and Park Authority of Israel, said: "We need to understand that this train passes through one of our biggest nature reserves in an area that we are protecting and fighting to protect for a very long time. It goes near the natural equators which can only be found in Israel and in Sinai, and they pass through a lot of archaeological sites."

Construction is expected to take about five years to complete and will cost about US$4 billion.

There are plans to extend the railway to Jordan's Aqaba port later.

This is all part of a plan for China to fast track trade into the Middle East and beyond.
Israel's railway plan set to boost China's trade in Middle East, Europe - Channel NewsAsia

Acuerdo de libre comercio China-Suiza

China seals first free-trade deal with Switzerland

Bilateral trade between China and Switzerland is worth $26bn

The signing ceremony took place during an official visit by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang to Switzerland.

Bilateral trade between the two countries is worth $26bn through imports and exports of watches, medicines, textiles and dairy products.

Mr Li said he hoped the deal would be felt beyond Switzerland's borders.

"This free-trade deal is the first between China and a continental European economy, and the first with one of the 20 leading economies of the globe," Mr Li told reporters after the two countries signed the preliminary agreement.

"This has huge meaning for global free-trade," he added.

For his part, Swiss President Ueli Maurer described the agreement as a "real milestone".

China is Switzerland's third biggest trading partner after the European Union and America, with exports to China of watches, pharmaceuticals and machinery amounting to over $22bn.

It is no coincidence that China's premier made Switzerland his first stop on his brief European tour, the BBC's Imogen Foulkes in Berne says.

China has hinted it could also make Switzerland its financial centre of choice, if Beijing allows offshore trading of its currency, the yuan, she adds.

High-level figures in Switzerland's watch-making industry are viewing the deal positively, hoping it will reduce China's import duties on watches from 16% to 12%.

""It will give a legal framework to our cooperation," Jean-Daniel Pasche, the head of Switzerland's main watch federation, told AFP news agency.

China is also looking to sell Switzerland more textiles and agricultural products.

The agreement still needs to be cleared by both chambers of the Swiss parliament before it can be ratified.

Mr Li, who is on his first foreign trip since becoming premier in March, is due to visit Germany on Saturday.
BBC News - China seals first free-trade deal with Switzerland
 

Serpiente_Plyskeen

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Serpiente, no estaras sugiriendo por casualidad que los chinos se estan planteando devaluar el yuan y dejar de comprar cochecitos europeos?
Eso ya lo han estado haciendo desde el congreso del partido del anho pasado. Y se esta notando:
German GDP rose slightly in Q1 of 2013; France returned to recession

Por cierto, como ya comentamos en el otro hilo, el proteccionismo que piden las empresas de solares alemanas empieza a amenazar a las exportaciones de vino (entre otras) francesas y espanholas:
Amenaza a la exportación de los Rías Baixas a China
Amenaza a la exportación de los Rías Baixas a China

Dieciocho bodegas venden actualmente en un mercado que quiere imponer aranceles a los caldos europeos
16 de junio de 2013 04:00
MONICA IRAGO MONICA IRAGO

El Gobierno Chino ha amenazado con imponer aranceles a los vinos europeos. Lo hace en respuesta a la medida tomada por la Unión Europea de gravar los paneles solares que ellos fabrican. Aunque por ahora no es mucho lo que la denominación de origen Rías Baixas comercializa en este país, la medida supone una amenaza a las dieciocho bodegas que actualmente están trabajando en ese mercado asiático.

Explican en el consello regulador de Rías Baixas que Japón es, por ahora, el principal mercado de los caldos que salen de Galicia con destino al continente asiático. Y es que, hasta hace poco, los chinos ni siquiera eran buenos clientes de las bodegas europeas. Pero la situación está cambiando, «y se están convirtiendo en grandes consumidores de vino», argumenta el gerente de la denominación de origen, Ramón Huidobro.

De hecho, las cifras de exportación en este país han pasado de los 333 litros que se vendieron en el 2006, hasta los 25.000 que se comercializaron durante el 2012. Aunque el crecimiento no ha sido sostenido durante todos esos años, desde hace tres ejercicios ha comenzado a registrarse una cierta estabilidad en las ventas, llegando estas a duplicarse durante ese período.

Según los datos del consello, dieciocho empresas de Rías Baixas trabajan actualmente en el mercado chino, aunque vendiendo poca cantidad. También esta entidad ha participado en ferias y presentaciones para dar a conocer sus caldos. Pero sus responsables son conscientes de la inestabilidad de este mercado y, por eso, Rías Baixas no muestra demasiada preocupación por la amenaza de los chinos.
En cuanto a lo que comenta Ricardom acerca del sentido del hilo, pues yo empece a anhadir cosas al respecto de China cuando ya se habia convertido en el hilo oficial... :|

En cuanto a la "superioridad" del modelo chino, pues escapar de una burbuja metiendose en otra todavia mayor y haciendose trampas al solitario no lo veo como un modelo a seguir. Y eso lo han hecho tanto China como EEUU , no tiene mucho que ver con la dicotomia economia planificada o no. Vamos a ver, que yo hace anhos ponia a China como un ejemplo de como hacer las cosas bien (economia planificada pero bottom-up; no top-down como hicieron los rusos), pero ahora no veo nada claro que sea sostenible ni en el medio plazo.

Lo de siempre, el tiempo dara o quitara razon (y me va a encantar equivocarme pero sigo creyendo que China va a tener grandes problemas en el futuro; hasta el punto de que muy probablemente acabe escindida en varios paises); hasta entonces, continuaremos observando los acontecimientos...
 

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Fitch says China credit bubble unprecedented in modern world history - Telegraph
Fitch says China credit bubble unprecedented in modern world history

China's shadow banking system is out of control and under mounting stress as borrowers struggle to roll over short-term debts, Fitch Ratings has warned.

By Ambrose Evans-Pritchard, International Business Editor

4:12PM BST 16 Jun 2013

China's shadow banking system is out of control and under mounting stress as borrowers struggle to roll over short-term debts, Fitch Ratings has warned.


Fitch warned that wealth products worth $2 trillion of lending are in reality a "h1den second balance sheet" for banks, allowing them to circumvent loan curbs and dodge efforts by regulators to halt the excesses. Photo: Alamy

The agency said the scale of credit was so extreme that the country would find it very hard to grow its way out of the excesses as in past episodes, implying tougher times ahead.

"The credit-driven growth model is clearly falling apart. This could feed into a massive over-capacity problem, and potentially into a Japanese-style deflation," said Charlene Chu, the agency's senior director in Beijing.

"There is no transparency in the shadow banking system, and systemic risk is rising. We have no idea who the borrowers are, who the lenders are, and what the quality of assets is, and this undermines signalling," she told The Daily Telegraph.

While the non-performing loan rate of the banks may look benign at just 1pc, this has become irrelevant as trusts, wealth-management funds, offshore vehicles and other forms of irregular lending make up over half of all new credit. "It means nothing if you can off-load any bad asset you want. A lot of the banking exposure to property is not booked as property," she said.

Concerns are rising after a string of upsets in Quingdao, Ordos, Jilin and elsewhere, in so-called trust products, a $1.4 trillion (£0.9 trillion) segment of the shadow banking system.

Bank Everbright defaulted on an interbank loan 10 days ago amid wild spikes in short-term "Shibor" borrowing rates, a sign that liquidity has suddenly dried up. "Typically stress starts in the periphery and moves to the core, and that is what we are already seeing with defaults in trust products," she said.

Fitch warned that wealth products worth $2 trillion of lending are in reality a "h1den second balance sheet" for banks, allowing them to circumvent loan curbs and dodge efforts by regulators to halt the excesses.

This niche is the epicentre of risk. Half the loans must be rolled over every three months, and another 25pc in less than six months. This has echoes of Northern Rock, Lehman Brothers and others that came to grief in the West on short-term liabilities when the wholesale capital markets froze.

Mrs Chu said the banks had been forced to park over $3 trillion in reserves at the central bank, giving them a "massive savings account that can be drawn down" in a crisis, but this may not be enough to avert trouble given the sheer scale of the lending boom.

Overall credit has jumped from $9 trillion to $23 trillion since the Lehman crisis. "They have replicated the entire US commercial banking system in five years," she said.

The ratio of credit to GDP has jumped by 75 percentage points to 200pc of GDP, compared to roughly 40 points in the US over five years leading up to the subprime bubble, or in Japan before the Nikkei bubble burst in 1990. "This is beyond anything we have ever seen before in a large economy. We don't know how this will play out. The next six months will be crucial," she said.

The agency downgraded China's long-term currency rating to AA- debt in April but still thinks the government can handle any banking crisis, however bad. "The Chinese state has a lot of firepower. It is very able and very willing to support the banking sector. The real question is what this means for growth, and therefore for social and political risk," said Mrs Chu.

"There is no way they can grow out of their asset problems as they did in the past. We think this will be very different from the banking crisis in the late 1990s. With credit at 200pc of GDP, the numerator is growing twice as fast as the denominator. You can't grow out of that."

The authorities have been trying to manage a soft-landing, deploying loan curbs and a high reserve ratio requirement (RRR) for banks to halt property speculation. The home price to income ratio has reached 16 to 18 in many cities, shutting workers out of the market. Shadow banking has plugged the gap for much of the last two years.

However, a new problem has emerged as the economic efficiency of credit collapses. The extra GDP growth generated by each extra yuan of loans has dropped from 0.85 to 0.15 over the last four years, a sign of exhaustion.

Wei Yao from Societe Generale says the debt service ratio of Chinese companies has reached 30pc of GDP – the typical threshold for financial crises -- and many will not be able to pay interest or repay principal. She warned that the country could be on the verge of a "Minsky Moment", when the debt pyramid collapses under its own weight. "The debt snowball is getting bigger and bigger, without contributing to real activity," she said.

The latest twist is sudden stress in the overnight lending markets. "We believe the series of policy tightening measures in the past three months have reached critical mass, such that deleveraging in the banking sector is happening. Liquidity tightening can be very damaging to a highly leveraged economy," said Zhiwei Zhang from Nomura.

"There is room to cut interest rates and the reserve ratio in the second half," wrote a front-page editorial today in China Securities Journal on Friday. The article is the first sign that the authorities are preparing to change tack, shifting to a looser stance after a drizzle of bad data over recent weeks.

The journal said total credit in China's financial system may be as high as 221pc of GDP, jumping almost eightfold over the last decade, and warned that companies will have to fork out $1 trillion in interest payments alone this year. "Chinese corporate debt burdens are much higher than those of other economies. Much of the liquidity is being used to repay debt and not to finance output," it said.

It also flagged worries over an exodus of hot money once the US Federal Reserve starts tightening. "China will face large-scale capital outflows if there is an exit from quantitative easing and the dollar strengthens," it wrote.

The journal said foreign withdrawals from Chinese equity funds were the highest since early 2008 in the week up to June 5, and withdrawals from Hong Kong funds were the most in a decade.
 

dick jones

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Allow me to demonstrate the skill of Shaolin. The special technique of shadow banking.

China

China’s shadow banks
The credit kulaks

AS THE grandson of a “rich farmer”, a stigmatised class in communist China, Joe Zhang grew up on the wrong side of the ideological tracks. At school he envied the town-kids who could look forward to a cushy job minding grain-stores or writing propaganda. But after winning a spot at university, he eventually escaped into central banking in Beijing and, later, investment banking in Hong Kong. By pleading, petitioning and playing a lot of ping pong (a sport he hates) he was even admitted into the Communist Party in 1985.

Then, in 2011, his social climb suffered an abrupt reversal. He took on a role that remains stigmatised and discriminated against in today’s China: he became a shadow banker. His new book, “Inside China’s Shadow Banking: the Next Subprime Crisis?”, recounts his trials as the head of a microlender in Guangdong. Elsewhere in the world, microcredit is a respectable, even canonised, endeavour. In China, Mr Zhang complains in his book, it is “only slightly more respectable than perhaps massage parlours or nightclubs.”


He describes the variety of institutions and instruments that operate and innovate in the shadow of China’s mammoth banks, where they are hard for the authorities to see. They include the informal lenders, kerbside capitalists and back-alley bankers for which China is famous. But the most important institutions are China’s 67 trust companies, lightly regulated finance firms that make loans and other investments but cannot collect deposits. And the most significant instruments are the uncountable wealth-management products (WMPs), which raise money from better-off investors, in large increments (at least 50,000 yuan, about $8,160) and for short periods (typically less than six months, sometimes much less).

Like banks, shadow banks are middlemen, issuing liabilities and holding assets. Another point of resemblance is that their assets are often less liquid, longer-term and riskier than their liabilities purport to be. Yet unlike banks they lack an official safety net, such as a lender of last resort, should these mismatches ever be exposed.

That makes shadow banking a bit scary. The International Monetary Fund frets that “a fast-growing share of credit is flowing through the less-well-supervised parts of the financial system.” Mr Zhang’s book is marketed to people who suspect that systemic dangers lurk in these shadows. But the tale it goes on to tell is more interesting. Shadow banking, he argues, is “more a symptom than the disease itself.”

The disease itself is financial repression. China imposes a ceiling on the interest rate that banks can pay to depositors. This keeps banks’ cost of funding low, making them eager to lend. To curb their enthusiasm, the regulators must impose offsetting limits on their lending, as Dong He and Honglin Wang of the Hong Kong Institute of Monetary Research have pointed out. These limits range from conservative loan-to-deposit ratios to heavy reserve requirements and blacklists of overexposed borrowers, such as property developers or local governments.

Where there is regulation, there is evasion, notes Mr Zhang. Much of China’s shadow-banking system serves merely to help banks evade deposit ceilings and lending guardrails. It would be less pervasive if China’s lending limits were less strict. But then those limits would not need to be so tight if banks’ funding costs were not repressed.


Neglected by the banks, small firms are willing to pay the 20-24% interest rates charged by China’s 6,080 microlenders. But micro-loans amounted to only 592 billion yuan ($97 billion) at the end of last year, equivalent to less than 1% of bank credit (see table). A far bigger source of finance for illiquid firms is other more liquid ones. Non-financial companies are barred from lending directly to each other, but they can make “entrusted” loans via a bank or trust company. This lending is sizeable, but also relatively safe, according to Standard & Poor’s. Most of the loans are made by big firms to their sister companies.



WMP! There it is
As well as midwifing loans from one firm to another, trust companies also raise pools of money from investors by issuing their own WMPs. These products amounted to 1.9 trillion yuan at the end of 2012. Most mature within 1-3 years, according to Jason Bedford of KPMG, an auditing firm. The money is often invested in loans to credit-starved enterprises. Some products are, however, more imaginative, speculating on tea, spirits, or even graveyards. In at least one case, a product was not just imaginative but entirely imaginary: raising money for a non-existent project dreamed up by a rogue trust-company manager.

These products are, then, risky. But potential losses are cushioned by collateral and unmagnified by leverage, Mr Bedford points out. In principle these losses are also borne by investors. The buyers of two faltering products issued by CITIC Trust, China’s largest trust company, have been told not to expect a bail-out. In practice, however, many trusts are less stiff-spined. They are tempted to rescue investors to maintain their good name.

Often, these trust products are sold through banks, which distribute them, without guaranteeing them. The public, however, “pretends not to understand the distinction”, Mr Zhang says. By feigning ignorance, aggrieved investors hope to browbeat the government into holding the banks liable, he argues. In Hong Kong banks had to ease the pain of losses on Lehman minibonds sold through their branches. It is notable that one of the banks involved, Bank of China, has been unusually reluctant to sell WMPs in the mainland, points out Mike Werner of Sanford C. Bernstein, a research firm.

Trust products sold by banks tend to be confused with a less risky kind of WMP: bank products packaged by trusts. In the first case, Mr Bedford explains, the bank provides a service to the trust companies, offering its staff and branches as a distribution channel. In the second case, the roles are reversed: trust companies and, increasingly, securities companies, provide a service to the bank, helping it to package assets in its WMPs.

Unlike trust products sold by banks, bank products packaged by trusts are fairly conservative. They are mostly “deposits in disguise”, as Standard & Poor’s put it, offering yields one or two percentage points higher than the deposit-rate ceiling. As well as helping banks to breach this ceiling, these products allow banks to window-dress their balance-sheets, points out Mr Werner. The WMPs are typically timed to mature just before the end of each quarter. As the money is returned to the WMP-buyers, it is paid into their deposits at the bank, just in time to bring the bank’s loan-deposit ratio below the regulatory limit of 75%.

If enough of the riskier WMPs fail, it might prompt investors to stop buying fresh products. Since WMPs usually mature long before the underlying assets do, that could inflict a nasty credit crunch on otherwise solvent ventures. But the impact on the banking system would be less obvious. If investors lose confidence in WMPs, they are likely to switch to deposits instead. The result would be a run to the banks, not a run on them. The only worry is that investors may not run to the same banks that issued most of the WMPs. China’s smaller joint-stock banks, which have led WMPs issuance, could therefore face a funding squeeze.

One answer would be to introduce formal deposit insurance. That would force banks to pay for the implicit backing they enjoy from the state. It would instil confidence in the smaller banks, as well as the ones that are obviously too big to fail. It would also draw a clearer distinction between safety (insured deposits) and risk (uninsured investments).

Critics of China’s shadow banking like to compare WMPs to the collateralised debt obligations at the heart of the global financial crisis. But according to Ting Lu of Merrill Lynch, the banks’ WMPs bear a closer resemblance to American money-market funds, investing mostly in safe, liquid, short-term paper. Those funds, which first arrived in America in 1971, competed successfully with bank deposits, forcing legislators to phase out America’s caps on deposit interest rates in the 1980s. Perhaps the banks’ WMPs will prove a similar spur to reform in China.

Mr Zhang is impatient for that day. He graduated from the central bank’s academy back in 1986 with a thesis entitled “The Path to Interest-Rate Liberalisation”. Then, he thought the removal of interest-rate controls was only five years away. Over a quarter of a century later, students are still writing the same thesis, he says. “Those five years have never ended.
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Tenia mas cosas que comentar pero creo que este ladrillo es mas que suficiente (por hoy)

Bueno no, os dejo el enlace al apocalipsis en tiempo real

Shanghai Interbank Offered Rate
 

Ircapo

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La Carta de la Bolsa - La crisis de liquidez China

El aumento de los tipos del mercado monetario da a entender la delicada situación que atraviesa el sector financiero chino. El tipo aplicado a los préstamos a un día en los mercados monetarios de China aumentó la semana pasada hasta el 9,6%, un récord histórico, y el viernes seguía en el 7%. El Ministerio de Finanzas sintió el impacto con una crisis de liquidez que quedó patente en el primer fracaso de una subasta de deuda pública en casi dos años. El rápido incremento refleja los problemas de gestión de liquidez provocados por los bancos chinos, prácticamente desbordados, y por el crecimiento del sector de gestión del patrimonio.
 

Serpiente_Plyskeen

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Jo, jo, jo, la que se est liando a lo simple en China - Valor Aadido - Cotizalia.com
Joé, joé, joé, la que se está liando a lo simple en China

S. McCoy - Valor Añadido - 19/06/2013

En los últimos meses, y coincidiendo con el cambio en la dirección del Partido Comunista, han proliferado las noticias sobre la preocupante evolución económica de China. A ella nos hemos referido nosotros también, con especial mención tanto a su burbuja inmobiliaria como al sostenimiento artificial de su actividad vía crédito, dos caras de la misma moneda (Valor Añadido, "La mayor burbuja de la historia sigue impasible su curso", 03-04-2013 y "China tiembla ante lo que su verdad esconde", 19-04-2013).

Un accidente a punto de ocurrir que, sin embargo, comienza a recordar al cuento de Pedro y el lobo. A fuerza de repetirse, los avisos han ido perdiendo predicamento con el paso del tiempo. Pero, ya saben, es cuando se baja la guardia el momento en que los golpes resultan más dolorosos. No es hora, pues, de bajarla.

Porque puede que estemos cerca del momento de la verdad. Se apilan en las últimas horas las advertencias sobre la inviabilidad del modelo económico y social del país. Algo que, de confirmarse, convertiría cualquier ilusión de recuperación global en una quimera y traería importantes consecuencias geopolíticas a las cuatro esquinas del planeta.

Más nos vale, por tanto, prestar atención a lo que allí sucede.

¿Alarmismo injustificado? Atiendan a los siguientes enlaces y después me cuentan. Trataré de reproducirlos con la menor carga posible de juicios de valor:


Wall Street Journal, "China cash crunch set to continue" (18-06-2013). El equivalente al Euribor local, tipo interbancario, ha pasado del 3,30% al 6,90% en los últimos 20 días, esto es: se ha más que duplicado. El banco central se niega a inyectar dinero adicional al sistema financiero, pese a las presiones de las principales entidades, preocupado por el exceso de financiación bancaria a corto plazo y el crecimiento desorbitado del crédito, cuyo volumen se ha multiplicado por 2,5 veces en los últimos cinco años, incrementando un 75% su peso en el creciente PIB (WSJ, "China wrestles with bank's pleas for cash", 18-06-2013 y The Telegraph, "Analyst says China's credit bubble is unlike anything in modern history", 16-06-2013). Para que se hagan una idea, antes del estallido de las burbujas estadounidense y japonesa, el aumento fue del 40% de sus respectivos productos interiores brutos. En lo que va de junio la bolsa local se ha desplomado más del 7%.

FT Alphaville, "When liquidity meets control in China" (18-06-2013). Profundiza, recogiendo research de distintas casas, en los desequilibrios generados por la inyección masiva de dinero propiciada por el Gobierno chino en 2008. Su repetición supondría, en el entorno actual, la solución más inmediata para una nación a la que los distintos bancos de inversión no hacen sino rebajar sus expectativas de crecimiento hasta situarlos por debajo de la barrera ideal del 8% (Sober Look, "China's economy: new warning signs", 17-06-2013 y, si tienen curiosidad sobre su credibilidad estadística, lean tanto Caixin, "County cooked data on industrial output", 17-06-2013, como Reuters, "China estimates fake trade invoicing at $75 billion in January to April", 13-06-2013). Traería inflación, comiéndose los ahorros de los ciudadanos chinos (C), penalizaría la balanza por cuenta corriente en un entorno de debilidad de demanda mundial (X-M), deterioraría las finanzas públicas (G), causaría nuevas burbujas y ahondaría en el problema de sobrecapacidad de algunas industrias, caso del acero, el aluminio o el cemento (I). Vamos, como para salir corriendo.

New York Times, "China's great uprooting: moving 250 million into cities" (15-06-2013). Un reportaje excepcional que revela los planes del Gobierno por seguir alimentando el flujo migratorio campo ciudad en un doble intento de, por una parte, mantener la deflación salarial y la competitividad en un momento en el que los costes laborales están repuntando y, antagónicamente, de reforzar el consumo interno y la consolidación de una boyante clase media. Sin embargo, el eje alrededor del cual gira este proyecto, esto es, la actividad industrial, se está debilitando. Las ventas caen, los márgenes sufren y las pérdidas abundan. El subsidio se ha convertido en el pan nuestro de cada día, cercenando de raíz el paso de una cultura empresarial de bajo valor añadido a otra diferencial en innovación (absolutamente imprescindible Financial Times, "Chinese industries: ambitions in excess", 16-06-2013). Y la alternativa de una renovada expansión masiva de infraestructuras irracionales no sólo es nido de corrupción –cuya erradicación es una de las prioridades formales del nuevo Ejecutivo- sino que está en la raíz de la precaria posición financiera de buena parte de la banca local. ¿Entonces? Sin empleo, el proyecto puede traer más conflicto social que paz económica y multiplicar los costes de su incipiente Estado del bienestar.

Bloomberg, "China Insiders sell most shares in May in 4 years, UBS says" (18-06-2013). Pese al deprimente comportamiento del mercado de renta variable chino en los últimos cuatro años (menos 25% contra el más 34% del MSCI Global), directivos y accionistas vendieron en mayo acciones por un importe equivalente a 4.000 millones de dólares aprovechando la subida del 5,6% que tuvo lugar el mes pasado. Supone la mayor liquidación de los insiders locales desde junio de 2009 y coincide con la menor entrada de capital foráneo en China de los últimos seis meses (ver post de FT Alphaville antes citado). Sell in May and go far far away.
Como ven, tras haber alimentado la fiera del crédito, esta amenaza con devorar a las autoridades chinas. Es verdad que nos encontramos en una economía casi cerrada, en la que buena parte del ciclo de circulación del dinero está controlado por el Estado, donde abundan las reservas y, por tanto, la capacidad para actuar financieramente sobre bancos y actividad real y en la que, hasta ahora, todos los gritos de ‘que viene el lobo’ han resultado ser falsas alarmas confundiendo a expertos y agoreros. El problema es que, en tanto llega su momento Minsky, si es que no estamos viendo ya sus primeros coletazos, sus desequilibrios siguen multiplicándose. Y, en la medida en que así ocurra, más dura será para todos la caída…
How China Fudges Its Numbers - China Real Time Report - WSJ
How China Fudges Its Numbers

June 19, 2013, 12:42 PM

It’s typically advisable not to accept Chinese economic data at face value –as even the country’s own premier will tell you. Figures on everything from inflation and industrial output to energy consumption and international trade often don’t seem to gel with observation and sometimes struggle to stack up when compared with other indicators.

How the figures are massaged and by whom is as much a secret as the real data itself. But in an unusual move, the National Bureau of Statistics – clearly frustrated with the lies, damn lies – has recently outed a local government it says was involved in a particularly egregious case of number fudging, providing rare insight into just how we’re being deceived.

Associated Press

According to a statement on the statistics bureau’s website dated June 14 (in Chinese), the economic development and technology information bureau of Henglan, a town in southern China’s Guangdong province, massively overstated the gross industrial output of large firms in the area.

An investigation by the state statistician into a sample of 73 out of a total 249 firms counted in the data found that 38 were too small to be counted as large firms and so shouldn’t have been included, and a further 19 had either stopped production, moved out of the town or otherwise ceased to exit.

The statement said that 71 companies surveyed by the statistics bureau had industrial output of 2.22 billion yuan ($362 million) in 2012 in total, but that the local government recorded it as being 8.51 billion, almost four times as much as the actual figure.

The data was supposed to be contributed by the firms themselves using an online platform. Instead, employees of the Henglan economic development bureau entered the figures themselves from their office, the statement said. It also said that by May or June last year the relevant government leaders in Henglan knew about the distortions but chose not to do anything about it.

Calls to the Henglan economic development bureau Wednesday went unanswered.

The statistics bureau doesn’t say why Henglan inflated its industrial output numbers. But indications that a local economy is sagging could reflect poorly on the prospects for promotion of local officials, and China’s southern provinces have been particularly hard hit by the global slowdown in demand for the country’s exports. Factories have closed, moving inland and overseas in search of cheaper labor, denting local government revenues.

“When governments are looking to burnish their track record, that can put the local statistics departments in a very awkward situation,” said a commentary piece that ran Tuesday in the Economic Daily (in Chinese), a newspaper under the control of the State Council, China’s cabinet. The article said that one of the biggest obstacles to ensuring accurate data is that the agencies responsible for crunching the numbers aren’t independent from local authorities. Moreover, it argues that penalties for producing fake data were too mild to act as a deterrent.

The National Bureau of Statistics said that it pursued the Henglan case on a tip from a whistleblower. How widespread the problem is elsewhere in the country is anyone’s guess. And sure, this may have been going on for years with little real impact on economic decision making. But with China’s growth slowing for first time since becoming a major player in the global economy, artificially inflated figures threaten to further complicate efforts by companies and governments everywhere to gauge what that slowdown means for them.
China cash crunch deepens as PBOC withholds funding - FT.com
China cash crunch deepens as PBOC withholds funding

June 19, 2013 9:10 am

By Simon Rabinovitch in Shanghai

China’s cash crunch deepened on Wednesday after the central bank withheld funding from the financial system, putting pressure on overextended lenders.

Short-term interbank rates jumped more than 200 basis points, setting a record high at nearly 8 per cent for loans of one month or less, the latest indication of how credit has suddenly become very tight in China.

The main reason for the tightness has been the central bank’s reluctance to pump liquidity in to the money market, wrongfooting banks that had expected Beijing would support them with large cash injections, as it had regularly done before.

Signalling that the cash crunch could persist for a while, the China Securities Journal, a major state-run newspaper, ran a front-page commentary saying China was at a turning point in monetary policy.

“We cannot use as fast money supply growth as in the past, or even faster, to promote economic growth,” the newspaper said. “This means that authorities must control the pace of money supply growth.”

Interbank rates began to rise earlier in June before a public holiday last week, a normal pattern before festivals in China when demand for cash increases. Bankers and analysts had expected rates to fall when the country got back to work.

Instead, over the past five working days, the central bank has remained on the sidelines of the market, refusing to provide the short-term cash injections that banks had been hoping to see. On Tuesday, the People’s Bank of China added to the pressure by draining Rmb2bn ($325m) from the market.

“The only explanation is that the central bank wants to send a warning signal to commercial banks and other credit issuers that unchecked credit expansion, particularly through the shadow banking system, will not be accommodated,” said Na Liu with CNC Asset Management.

Overall credit growth in China has reached about 22-23 per cent this year, up from 20 per cent in 2012, after a surge in ‘shadow’ lending by trust companies and by banks through off-balance-sheet vehicles.

Wang Tao, an economist with UBS, said the central bank’s goal might be to bring credit growth down to about 17 per cent to 18 per cent, to limit the leverage that has built up in the economy.

The central bank has many tools to add liquidity to the market if needed, from injecting short-term cash to lower lenders’ required reserves. However, Ms Wang warned that the consequences of the regulatory tightening were harder to predict because of the growing complexity of Chinese financial markets.

“A liquidity crunch could happen unexpectedly somewhere,” she said. “There could be a disorderly deleveraging in the interbank market.”

The Chinese economy slowed to 7.7 per cent growth year-on-year in the first quarter from 7.9 per cent in the final quarter of 2012 and many analysts expect a further slowdown in the second quarter.
 
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vil.

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Mucha gente no entiende muy bien la situación de China...

Muchos piensan que China sólo tiene que devaluar su moneda para vender más y con ello conseguir recuperarse de su burbuja...

Ya hemos advertido muchos que el problema de China se llama PRODUCTIVIDAD... este es el motivo por el cual Japón puede DEVALUAR lo que quiera dentro de unas pautas y sin embargo China no tiene esa posibilidad...

Alguien puede pensar que China ya lo hizo y le funcionó...:D

China lo hizo, es cierto y funcionó, es cierto... pero ya no... ¿por qué?...

Por la financiación...

China financió todo esto a través de las grandes subvenciones que aportaba a la producción, ya a través de la mano de obra (dumping laboral), como a través de las subvenciones a la exportación vía devaluación... estas cosas China podía hacerlas debido principalmente a una causa, SU DEUDA era inexistente mayormente, con lo cual podía permitirse dedicar casi todos sus ingresos a costear el aumento de producción y dado que su economía estaba totalmente bloqueada su puesta en funcionamiento mejoró todo el sistema... funcionó como una burbuja, la burbuja de la producción y como cualquier TIMO PONZI, siempre era interesante ingresar en China pues las rentabilidades prometidas eran siempre de orden superior; si además comparamos estas rentas con las que daban otras economías, en fin, era menso no invertir, se pensaba...

Ahora, sin embargo, la situación es muy diferente...

Financieramente China ya no tiene un nivel bajo de deuda... su economía no está parada, aún al contrario, está excesivamente sobredimensionada y a ello se une un consumo interno excesivo para sus posibilidades... el problema, aquí viene el meollo de la cuestión es que por un lado tiene que pagar el servicio de una deuda sobredimensionada y por otro su consumo es muy poco eficiente para su productividad... el resultado es que PRODUCIR es muy sancionador y el margen de beneficios es muy pequeño para poder pagar los gastos... en esa tesitura China tiene además un problema con la inflación y una población enormemente desprotegida; lo cual augura en cualquier circunstancia conflictividad social, pero además en el caso de China puede ser todavía más bestial, pues esa población es inmensa y está excesivamente concentrada...

China tiene un INMENSO PROBLEMA... y sus dirigentes tienen ya que ser conscientes de lo que se avecina... lo que ha hecho Japón con su "abenomics" es algo muy peligroso para la COMPETITIVIDAD China, que más temprano que tarde no podrá optar a pelear en mercados en contracción y más exigentes...

Falta de mercados y con una economía interna paralizada, China será un polvorín... todo va muy rápido, es de esperar alguna caída muy subida de peso de alguna entidad financiera, pero China es muy dada a manipularlo todo, con lo cual veremos si se ve desde fuera o como se ve lo que va a acontecer INEVITABLEMENTE... a partir de ahí, el miedo hará el resto... las calificadoras en poco tiempo (un par de años a lo sumo) van a tener que bajar la calificación crediticia a China y en esas circunstancias...

En fin... China es muy poco permeable, pero lo que no va a poder hacer es evitar las consecuencias de su parón... eso se verá en los productores de materias primas...

Va a ser un verano complejo... este año en general pinta muy mal... pero que muy mal...
 

dick jones

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Ahora mismo

Shibor overnight 13,44% a una semana 11% a un mes 9,39%

WSJ habla en un articulo de ayer (cuando el on estaba repuntando al 7%) que todo esto podria no ser mas que un stress test a las bravas por parte de Beijing, si es cierto, los tienen como balas de cañon.
 

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China Interbank Market Freezes As Overnight Repo Explodes To 25%

China Interbank Market Freezes As Overnight Repo Explodes To 25% | Zero Hedge

It seems liquidity (or counterparty mistrust) is beginning to reach extreme levels in China as the nation's banking system is now quoting overnight repo transactions at 25%. The explosion in funding costs echoes the collapse in trust (and surge in TED spread) among US banks in the run-up to the Lehman bankruptcy. MSCI Asia-Pac stocks are down over 3% with China's Shanghai Composite -2.5% at seven-month lows.

China’s 1-day Repo Rate Climbs to Highest Since at Least 2006
MNI - CHINA OVERNIGHT REPO FIXING AT RECORD HIGH
China's bond market is also collapsing:

Yield on 3.1% govt bonds due January 2016 jumps 39 bps to 3.749%, biggest rise since notes were issued in January
China this week...



US in the run-up to Lehman...

 

Serpiente_Plyskeen

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China Interbank Market Freezes As Overnight Repo Explodes To 25% | Zero Hedge

It seems liquidity (or counterparty mistrust) is beginning to reach extreme levels in China as the nation's banking system is now quoting overnight repo transactions at 25%. The explosion in funding costs echoes the collapse in trust (and surge in TED spread) among US banks in the run-up to the Lehman bankruptcy. MSCI Asia-Pac stocks are down over 3% with China's Shanghai Composite -2.5% at seven-month lows.

China’s 1-day Repo Rate Climbs to Highest Since at Least 2006
MNI - CHINA OVERNIGHT REPO FIXING AT RECORD HIGH
China's bond market is also collapsing:

Yield on 3.1% govt bonds due January 2016 jumps 39 bps to 3.749%, biggest rise since notes were issued in January
China this week...



US in the run-up to Lehman...

Aquí un vídeo de la productividad china:
[YOUTUBE]tPzRPga6uDg[/YOUTUBE]
:pienso: Apunta maneras el chavalote este. Este va para director del banco central, como poco.
 

vil.

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A ver un poco de participación de los habituales del hilo...

Puede que estemos ante un momento histórico, de unos niveles que no hayamos visto... ni siquiera con LEHMAN...

Alguien ha dicho por ahí que esto es una especie de stress-test... YO creo sinceramente que esto no puede ser posible, pues me parece inaudito que entidad alguna se financie a tal nivel para hacer una prueba, me imagino que los gobiernos, especialmente el chino tienen formas mucho más sanas y mejores...

Pero es que también me cuesta creer que estos aumentos sean algo repentino...

Suenan a pánico y desesperación... pero esto es China... tiene normalmente mucha capacidad de manipulación e intervención... y no da la impresión de que estén haciendo nada... o sí lo están haciendo...

No sé todo es un tanto extraño... va todo muy rápido, DEMASIADO rápido para creer que esto pueda suceder... yo al menos estoy bastante confuso...

OPINIONES...
 

Serpiente_Plyskeen

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No sé todo es un tanto extraño... va todo muy rápido, DEMASIADO rápido para creer que esto pueda suceder... yo al menos estoy bastante confuso...

OPINIONES...
Hay que reconocer que las cosas parecen estarse saliendo de progenitora muy rápidamente en el último mes.. y los datos macro, aún manipulados, no ayudan - el PMI de manufacturas chino de HSBC baja a 48.3 :
Survey shows China manufacturing shrinks in June | Asia News – Politics, Media, Education | Asian Correspondent
Survey shows China manufacturing shrinks in June
By AP News Jun 20, 2013 12:00PM UTC

HONG KONG (AP) — Manufacturing in China contracted this month at a faster pace as demand weakened, according to a private survey Thursday, adding to antiestéticars about a fragile recovery in the world’s second-biggest economy.

HSBC said that the preliminary version of its monthly purchasing managers index fell to a nine-month low of 48.3 in June, down from 49.6 in May. Numbers below 50 indicate a contraction.

June factory output decreased, a reversal from gains in the month before, while new export orders and new orders overall decreased at a faster rate.

The index’s decline amows “the sequential reduction in both production and demand,” HSBC China economist Qu Hongbin said.

“Manufacturing sectors are weighed down by deteriorating external demand, moderating domestic demand and rising destocking pressures,” he said, adding he expects “slightly weaker” economic growth for China in the second quarter.

Recent indicators about China’s economy have been mixed, raising questions about whether a full-fledged recovery was gaining traction.

Chinese economic growth slowed unexpectedly in the first quarter to 7.7 percent and forecasters have cut their growth outlook for the year.

The preliminary PMI is based on responses from 85 to 90 percent of 420 manufacturing companies polled each month. The full survey is due out on July 1.
Y por cierto, Hong Kong cada vez más anti-China mainland:
HK netizens call for anniversary concert boycott | Asia News – Politics, Media, Education | Asian Correspondent
HK netizens call for anniversary concert boycott
By Asian Correspondent Jun 20, 2013 3:54PM UTC
By Nicholas Olczak

Plans for music concerts and retail promotions in Hong Kong on the July 1 anniversary of its handover to China are being criticised for diverting attention away from the large pro-democracy demonstration held on this date each year.

Since Hong Kong was handed back to China on July 1, 1997, the anniversary day each year has become the date of a march in support of democracy and civil rights. The 2003 march saw a huge leap in participation to around 500,000 people and each year since then the demonstration has drawn crowds numbering several hundred thousand to march through the centre of the city.


Korean boy band Shinee, left, have come under pressure to boycott the Dome Festival in Hong Kong on July 1. Activists say the concert is a government ploy to draw attention away from the democracy march, right. Pics: AP.

This year the Performance Industry Association is planning to hold The Hong Kong Dome Festival, a music festival antiestéticaturing Korean and Hong Kong pop bands that is expected to draw 18,000 people, on the same day as the march.

Hong Kong netizens have set up a Facebook group called ‘Boycott HK Dome Festival’ attacking the event and accusing it of attempting to draw attention away from the march.

“This year, a new program ‘HK Dome Festival’ popped up at exactly the same time of the protest,” a statement on the page says. “It has come to our concern that the reason behind the festival might not be as simple as it seems to be. Music should never be used for sugar-coating politics.”

The group has called for members of the Hong Kong public as well as participating artists to boycott the festival, posting messages and comments on the musicians’ Facebook profiles. The page has gathered over 5,500 likes on Facebook and scores of other Hong Kong citizens have echoed their calls to boycott the event.


Hong Kong netizens voiced their concerns on Korean boy band Shinee's Facebook page, calling on the group to boycott the event. Pic: Facebook.

The Performance Industry Association (PIA) said the conflict with the protest march did not occur to them when they planned the festival. They said they also intended the festival to be a protest. “July 1 has become a day for Hongkongers to express their demands to the government,” PIA chairwoman Florence Chan told the South China Morning Post. “We picked this day because we wanted to show the government that we need a mega venue in Hong Kong.”

Over 1,000 Hong Kong shops and restaurants are also planning to offer special promotions, including discounts of up to 50 percent, in order to help people celebrate the anniversary. Organisers of the pro-democracy march have accused these organisations of collaborating with supporters of the government and trying to divert people’s attention from the protest.

“The pro-establishment camp’s motive is very clear,” Civil Human Rights Front convenor Jackie Hung Ling-yu told the South China Morning Post. “They want to get more people shopping so that less people join the march.”

President of the Hong Kong Commerce and Industry Association, Lee Yuk-lun said that there were attempts being made to change people’s perspective of the anniversary. “People have been viewing July 1 as a demonstration day… We want to change this and make it a shopping day,” he told the South China Morning Post.

Organisers of the July 1demonstration have said the fact such efforts are being made reflects a antiestéticar amongst pro-Beijing groups that there will be a large turnout for this year’s rally.
El gran problema de China es que tiene tantos frentes abiertos, que es imposible que tarde o temprano al menos uno no explote.. la cuestión es cuál y cuando. ¿Podría sufrir un Lehman ahora? Sí, pero seguramente el chiringuito chino sobreviva a ello... (Con esto quiero decir que al igual que EEUU, acabará petando, pero más tarde).

Me preocuparía más una posible transmisión al resto del sistema financiero global :pienso::
Peta una banco en China -> Petan las inversiones "Dim Sum" vía HK -> Susto en Asia -> Pesadilla a nivel mundia.
Veremos a ver...
 

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Estaba viendo el programa de Max Keiser y... minuto 00:40; compradores de oro en China... atención a las colas...

Keiser Report en español. Los falsos escaparates de la economía (E459)

¡¡¡¡¿Cual será la inflación real en China?!!!!!!

Esas colas no auguran nada, pero que nada bueno...

Pero la inflación no llega de un día para otro...
Lo de las colas para comprar oro lo posteó ZH hace unos días (no suelo copy-pastear artículos de ZH porque sino no hago otra cosa en todo el día). Pero sí, los chinos que tienen algo de pasta hace años ya que están sacando el dinero del país o comprando oro, porque saben (frente a suponen) que china va a pegar un petardazo (Krakatoa style) en algún momento (también hay que reconocer que el gobierno Chino les da pocas opciones de ahorro rentable / inversión a los ciudadanos - los depósitos estan capados y dan muy poco, la bolsa apenas ha subido, etc). De hecho, la mayor parte de los compradores de vivienda de lujo en Londres ahora mismo son chinos (con mucha pasta). Y hace dos-tres años, eran la mayoría de compradores de vivienda en Japón también. Esto ya nos dice todo lo que necesitamos saber. Los chinos serán muchas cosas, pero estúpidos no es una ellas.