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20-abr-2008, 00:25
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Récord absoluto de producción eólica y de porcentaje aportado a red eléctrica http://actualidad.terra.es/nacional/...je_2411417.htm
__________________ "Mercados de mi vida, eres niño como yo, por eso te quiero tanto y te doy mi corazón, tomaló, tomaló, tuyo es mío no." - HastaLosEggs, 8-7-2011  |
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20-abr-2008, 09:59
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| Delirante pollo gacetillero, cronista de la falacia: ¿Tiene Vd. conocimiento de lo que son las medias?… A parte, claro está, de esas delicadas envolturas cuasi epidérmicas, en que suelen embutir las damas sus extremidades inferiores… ¿Que ignoto interés le mueve a difundir con un entusiasmo digno de mejor empeño, las mendaces consignas de una élite a la que no solo no pertenece, si no que obviamente le ha subyugado sin recato, a juzgar por la traza de sus toscas contribuciones a la desinformación general?… Aunque tratándose de Vd. no estaría de más considerar la opción de la simple estulticia.
__________________  El petróleo como la vida... Un chispazo de luz, entre dos eternidades de oscuridad. |
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20-abr-2008, 11:54
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| Bringing Wind Power Down To Earth  Written by Paul Smith Published on April 18th, 2008 There’s been a lot of energy behind wind power these days, with talk of larger and more dramatic installations every week. But this may leave you wondering, what does it have to do with me? Would I ever want one of these giant towers in my backyard or on my business? Noble though the idea is, for many, this is not an appealing, or feasible option, due to space limitations or code restrictions. But then you may wonder, would a micro turbine make a notable dent in my energy needs? Last week while at the Green California Summit, I saw a beautiful and practical solution to this: Helix Wind. With its elegant, rippled white shape, and the ability to work with any wind greater then 4.5 mph, requiring only 14 feet in height, these turbines bring it all home, literally.  How much power do they bring? 1KW for personal, 2KW for businesses, enough to meet as much as half your energy needs. There’s no need to have a battery to store the power generated as in solar panels, as “net metering,” or power metering that accounts for energy put back into the grid as well as what’s used, can be used as credit towards your energy costs. There are many micro turbines out there, but none has the helix like shape of this. So? Beyond being aesthetically interesting, this enables it to catch air from any direction, more efficiently, with less needed. The unique shape apparently is also, they claim, completely safe for birds - one of the stumbling blocks to greater implementation of such devices. Silencing other critics is the fact that it’s, well, silent in operation. Now what about cost, rebates? While not yet as prevalent as the ones for solar (have a look at the DSIRE site for a fine resource for local, state, and federal renewables incentives of all sorts) there are some generous ones happening right now. For example, the Emerging Renewables Program in California gives $1.50-$2.50/watt on systems, up to 30 KW. That’s thousands even for the smallest of Helix Wind’s systems. To see them in action, have a look at this, below:
__________________ "Mercados de mi vida, eres niño como yo, por eso te quiero tanto y te doy mi corazón, tomaló, tomaló, tuyo es mío no." - HastaLosEggs, 8-7-2011 |
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20-abr-2008, 12:06
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| Global energy and climate security through solar power from deserts Dr. Gerhard Knies Trans-Mediterranean Renewable Energy Cooperation, TREC In co-operation with The Club of Rome gerhard.knies@trec-eumena.org July 2006 Introduction The present world energy supply system is facing 3 basic problems: limitation of fossil fuel resources, climate change by carbon dioxide emission, insecurity by nuclear weapon competence and radioactive materials. The strategic goal therefore should be: transition to unlimited resources, zero-emission fuels and no options for abuse. Renewable energies, in particular solar energy as the most abundant form, are an alternative for a global energy supply: Solar energy cannot be depleted by using it: it comes to earth at day as light, and leaves to outer space as heat radiation at day and night – whether we “use“ it or not. Being non-material solar energy does not create pollu*tion, and the biotope earth is in natural balance with it. So far, no military applications of solar energy are known or planned – otherwise solar energy technologies would have received support since long. The most efficient places to harvest solar energy in large amounts are the deserts. To be considered as a world-wide substitute for the fossil fuels there are 4 questions to be answered: 1. Is there enough solar energy in the deserts for the demands of a growing world population? 2. Can solar energy supply power as demands occur in time? 3. Can energy be transmitted from deserts to large enough regions of the world? 4. Is solar power from deserts economically viable? 1. How much solar energy is coming to the Earth’s deserts? The solar energy potential of the sun-belt deserts and desert-like regions can be estimated according to UNEP (www.unep.org/geo/gdoutlook/018.asp#fig12) as desert space = 36 Million km² and from the energy they receive annually from the sun. A reasonable average value for the energy of direct normal solar radiation is 2.2 TeraWatt-hour (TWh) /km²/year. This is as if a layer of oil of 24 cm depth is put onto the deserts, each year again. Slightly other values can be considered, but the conclusions do not change with such choices. The energy received each year by 1 km² of desert is equivalent to the (thermal) energy contained in: · 300 000 ton hard coal · 1.5 Million barrel oil The solar energy arriving annually at the 36 Million km² of desert areas is equivalent to · 80 Million (Mega) TWh (thermal) · 10,000 Billion (Giga) ton coal · 50,000 Billion barrel oil · 300,000 Exajoule Since we do have the technologies to convert (at least) 11% of solar radiation into electricity, we can generate in deserts typically 0.24 TWh-electric /km²/year 2. Comparison to global demands How the terrestrial fossil reserves, resources and their annual depletion/consumption compare to the annual solar yields is summarized in the table. According to site selection studies by DLR using satellite data the deserts in the MENA region would allow for production of elec*tricity of 630,000 TWh/year, about 40 times the present world electricity demand. Collectors for the German total power con*sumption would require a square of 45km side length, i.e. the area of Berlin and Hamburg. Table: Fossil reserves, resources, consumption rates, depletion time (source: Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Hanover, 2004), and corresponding energy delivery times by solar radiation in deserts.
There are 4 particularly interesting messages: 1. The present global annual demand for primary energy arrives as solar energy in the deserts within 5.7 hours of sun shine.In fact, deserts can be made to sustainable power*houses for the world. 3. Can solar energy be supplied as demands occur in time? Fossil fuels are available as materials that can be stored, and be employed when demand occurs. Solar ener*gy is de*livered when the sun is shining. Sun shine itself cannot be stored, but it can read*ily be converted into high temperature heat which can be stored in thermal storage devices for hours and even for days, with insignificant losses. This brings the technology of solar thermal power plants into a particularly attractive position: Equipped with sim*ple and cheap thermal storage tanks they can pro*duce solar power by demand, also at night. Large scale thermal energy storage is technically solved and commer*cially available. Longer periods without direct sunshine can be coped with by a supplementary fossil fuel heater. The solar power plant contains its own re*serve capacity. Solar thermal power plants provide secured capacity. 4. Can solar energy from deserts be transmitted to the high demand regions of the world? Once solar energy has been converted into elec*tricity, it can be transmitted as direct current at very high voltage (500 kV and higher) over thousands of kilo*metres with low losses of about 3% per 1000 kilometre. The HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission is a well established tech*nology. Since large de*serts are available in North-and South Amer*ica, North and South Africa, Western Asia, India, China and Australia, clean power from the deserts can be delivered to more than 90% of world population. 5. Is solar power from deserts economically viable? In a first step, concentrating solar collectors convert con*centrated solar radiation into heat of about 300° Celsius and higher, up to about 1000°C. Steam from solar collectors for thermal power plants, as from 1 barrel of oil, costs be*tween 50 and 70 $. This cost value can be brought down to below 30$ within 10 to 15 years by mass production of such collectors. These costs vary with the available an*nual solar radiation and with capital costs. The bulk materials for solar steam generating collectors are glass and iron for which there will be no shortages. According to studies by DLR one one can be achieve (www.trec-eumena.org)within 2 to 3 decades: power production costs of 4-6 c$/kWh power transmission costs of 1-2 c$/kWh. Coal and nuclear power plants can be phased out simultaneously. With an EU-MENA grid as infrastructure for energy and climate security, solar power from deserts can become the least cost option for Europe. 6. Seawater desalination in cogeneration In solar thermal power plants only 35% of the collected solar energy is converted into electricity. If combined with sea water another 50% of the collected energy, normally released as cooling heat, can be used for thermal desalination. This way up to 85% of the collected solar energy can be used, and with each TWh of power 40 Million m³ water can be desalinated in cogeneration. Summary 1. The solar energy available in deserts is more than 700 times the present global primary energy consumption. This is far more than needed to replace fossil fuels. 2. Solar thermal power plants can store solar heat and generate solar power according to demand, also at night (secured capacity). 3. Technologies for power production and long-distance transmission to over 90% of world population are at hand. 4. In a solar energy co-operation technology-belt and sun-belt can achieve energy, water and climate security, and stable power production costs of 4 – 8 c$/kWh. 5. Investments into mining technologies for fossil fuels will accelerate their depletion and boost climate change, while better solar technology will be beneficial for all future. 6. An Apollo-like program for bringing deserts into service for energy, water and climate security, as proposed by Prince El Hassan from Jordan at the Hanover Industrial Fair 2006, could be organized immediately. 7. TREC and The Club of Rome are calling for a conference DESERTEC to bring technology- and sun-belt countries to action. 8. Solar energy from deserts can give energy security to the world, and it can stop the ongoing devastation of the Earth by fossil fuels.
__________________ "Mercados de mi vida, eres niño como yo, por eso te quiero tanto y te doy mi corazón, tomaló, tomaló, tuyo es mío no." - HastaLosEggs, 8-7-2011 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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20-abr-2008, 22:31
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Iniciado por Pillao  Delirante pollo gacetillero, cronista de la falacia: Y yo que pensaba que era pedante... ¡hasta que te leí un día, jate tú! Sin acritud. Sólo con una mijita de mala leche. 
__________________   "Uno de los problemas de la energía nuclear es que nos lanzamos alegremente a su generación, pero nadie pensó en sus consecuencias posteriores. Peor aún, pensaron que se resolvería el problema sin dificultad en el futuro" Julio Gutiérrez, Catedrático de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear |
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20-abr-2008, 23:48
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| Los desiertos esperando ser instalados de centrales solares térmicas me parece que es una de las propuestas en las que la paradoja de Jevons se hace muy manifiesta y evidente. (¿Tiene un aire a J. Riffkin o son manías mías?) Hace falta buscar y encontrar inversores y poner en marcha esos proyectos. En grueso tiene el problema del transporte: una de las formas más importantes de ahorrar energía es consumisla donde se produce. Yo creo que la crisis energética ya está aquí y por tanto las soluciones tienen que estar a mano, tienen que tener inmediatez: incluso las centrales nucleares, las térmicas de carbón o el poner en marcha un campo petrolero tienen largós plazos de ejecución. Hay otras opciones, las "dolorosas" que no se quieren siquiera considerar, se supone que esa es la solución por defecto a la que no hay que dedicar pensamiento, si no queda más remedio ya se impondrá como solución. Pero en mi opinión, tanto en las alegrías como en las penas, no es lo mismo ocho que achenta. Written by Tom Whipple Thursday, 17 April 2008 http://www.fcnp.com/national_comment..._20080416.html (...) Up on Capitol Hill a lot of folks are worried, but as yet few have mustered the courage to propose realistic solutions. Some are beating on the oil companies and are calling for the umpteenth investigation of gas prices. Others want to yank the $18 billion annual tax break the oil industry gets and move the money to researching renewables. The rest just want to increase drilling for oil somewhere – usually in the Atlantic or Alaska -- without mentioning that at best it would take decades to produce the oil should some be found. No one wants to mention that our energy crisis now seems months, or perhaps less, away. It is hard to really blame the politicians. As long as most of us cling to the hope that high gas prices will go away or that a painless silver bullet that will solve our energy problem is just around the corner, few candidates for public office are ready to propose what are thought to be “painful solutions” to our problems. They still shoot messengers. (...) |
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21-abr-2008, 00:19
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Iniciado por chafamandurrias Los desiertos esperando ser instalados de centrales solares térmicas me parece que es una de las propuestas en las que la paradoja de Jevons se hace muy manifiesta y evidente. (¿Tiene un aire a J. Riffkin o son manías mías?) En el proyecto está la mención explícita de usar conexiones HVDC (corriente contínua de alto voltaje) para minimizar las pérdidas por transmisión. Lo cual me hace sacar dos conclusiones: - Que antes de hablar hay que leer el texto del proyecto. - Se sobreestiman problemas que ya tienen solución tecnológica porque no actualiza sus conocimientos sobre el estado de la tecnología. Que los que hacen el proyecto no son unos mindundis. Un poco de seriedad. Una de las ventajas de este tipo de tecnología es que implementarla es mucho más rápido que la instalación de una central. Cualquier instalación de este tipo puede ponerse en funcionamiento en un plazo de tiempo relativamente corto (1-2 años) y escalarla a partir de ahí(básicamente son los tiempos con los que se trabaja ahora). Las centrales en cambio requieren 5 años mínimo, de obras para su puesta en funcionamiento. En la línea que tú comentas hay esta noticia: U.S. Department of Energy Selects 12 Cities to Advance Solar America Initiative Los principales interesados en invertir capital en este tipo de energía serán los propios estados, por razones geoestratégicas. Y por sentido común, vamos.
__________________ "Mercados de mi vida, eres niño como yo, por eso te quiero tanto y te doy mi corazón, tomaló, tomaló, tuyo es mío no." - HastaLosEggs, 8-7-2011 |
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21-abr-2008, 10:49
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Iniciado por Staring at the Sun Y yo que pensaba que era pedante... ¡hasta que te leí un día, jate tú! Sr. patán con ínfulas: Lo suyo, trasciende la pedantería... Lo suyo sencillamente es de vergüenza ajena. Y muéstrese agradecido… Hoy en día no hallará tanta franqueza ni pagando.
__________________ El petróleo como la vida... Un chispazo de luz, entre dos eternidades de oscuridad. |
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21-abr-2008, 13:03
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| [QUOTE=pollo;784886] En el proyecto está la mención explícita de usar conexiones HVDC (corriente contínua de alto voltaje) para minimizar las pérdidas por transmisión. Lo cual me hace sacar dos conclusiones: Ya me permitirás que haga el tipo de lectura que estime conveniente de los textos que propones, aunque sólo sea restringida por mi capacidad. (También yo podría ponerte deberes) Código: - Se sobreestiman problemas que ya tienen solución tecnológica porque no actualiza sus conocimientos sobre el estado de la tecnología. Que los que hacen el proyecto no son unos mindundis. Un poco de seriedad. Hombre, el ver sobre un mapa que incluye media Africa y media Europa triangulitos de colores me parece un poco frívolo, sobre ese mapa físico hay un mapa político que habrá que considerar, aunque sea minimamente No te discuto y acepto como buenas tus explicaciones sobre la HVDC. Tampoco te discuto que la obtención de energía electrica a partir de la solar térmica sea una buena opción, pero... ¿Cómo se monta todo eso y cuánto cuesta? Termino preguntándote ¿por qué este gran proyecto no esta ya en vías de ejecución? |
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21-abr-2008, 18:55
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| [quote=chafamandurrias;785874]
Iniciado por pollo
El caso es que sí que lo está. Lamentablemente no sé alemán así que no puedo seguir las últimas noticias en la web del proyecto. Lo último que sé es que francia y Alemania estuvieron ultimando acuerdos en una conferencia internacional en la sede de la UE el 27 de Noviembre con los países del norte de áfrica (entre los que estaba incluido Gadaffi y un futuro monarca milmillonario de la zona de Dubai), así que algo se está moviendo. Es muy posible que esta alianza geoestratégica sea un poderoso motivo de la mejora de las relaciones políticas y comerciales entre la UE y estos países en los últimos tiempos.
__________________ "Mercados de mi vida, eres niño como yo, por eso te quiero tanto y te doy mi corazón, tomaló, tomaló, tuyo es mío no." - HastaLosEggs, 8-7-2011 Última edición por pollo; 21-abr-2008 a las 19:00 |
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